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Drum Circle Facilitation and Music Therapy

After a meal and an evening of music-making with three amazing women drummers last weekend, I was inspired to write about drum circle facilitation and a program that connects all four of us: Remo’s HealthRHYTHMS®.

Mary Tolena and Jú Linares of ZaBoomBala Drumming Works stayed with me in San Diego for 2 days and told me stories of their recent Drum-About across the United States and through Brazil. Christine Stevens of UpBeat Drum Circles joined us over the weekend, and we four shared music and touching stories about our experiences in our work.

The following paragraphs should clarify the difference between a music therapist (MT) and a drum circle facilitator (DCF). There are MTs, there are DCFs, and sometimes people are both MTs and DCFs (like myself and Christine Stevens). DCFs are not considered therapists, but facilitators, coaches, teachers, and/or mentors. Music therapy is an allied healthcare profession established in the 1940s, while drum circle facilitation is a relatively new field. DCFs come with diverse backgrounds: professional drummers, social workers, music therapists, healthcare professionals, wellness consultants, corporate trainers, and more.

Music therapists ~

  1. Use evidence-based music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship (American Music Therapy Association, 2010)
  2. Are required to obtain a degree (bachelors, masters, PhD), attend a 6-month internship, and pass a board-certification exam.
  3. May be members of the American Music Therapy Association in the US.
  4. Are all formally trained musicians.

Drum circle facilitators ~

  1. Utilize a variety of techniques to make an interactive music experience easy, fun, and meaningful for participants (Drum Circle Facilitators Guild, 2010)
  2. May attend a training program. They vary between 4 days and 2 weeks. HealthRHYTHMS is one such training program. I’ll be writing about more DCF training programs soon.
  3. May be members of the Drum Circle Facilitation Guild in the US.
  4. Are not necessarily formally trained musicians, but some are world-renowned musicians.
Drum Circle Facilitation and Music Therapy

MT is an awesome path if you are a formally trained musician and would like to work in the medical, psychiatric, educational, or wellness fields. DCF is a wonderful opportunity for people interested in empowering others to make music in a recreational setting, without having to obtain a degree or become proficient on an instrument. DCF is also great for those already on a healthcare or corporate career path, looking to supplement their current services.

For those interested in continuing education with regards to wellness, the HealthRHYTHMS® training program is a good option because the program focuses specifically on health and wellness through group drumming. The HealthRHYTHMS® research over the past ten years has helped to bridge the gap between the ancient art of healing and modern science.

The body of music therapy literature is prolific, spanning 5 decades of quantitative research that focuses on a variety of techniques with a variety of populations. For instance, I have posted a snapshot of the MT research on infants in a NICU here. MTs are formally trained with regards to the importance of the therapist-client relationship, how to build rapport with the client, how to follow systematic steps for successful client transformation, how to apply these steps with a variety of populations using an enormous variety of music interventions.

Read more about music therapy…
Learn more about drum circle facilitation by joining the DCF’s Yahoo Group…

Although I was never lucky enough to meet legendary music therapist, Bongo Barry Bernstein, MT-BC, he left his mark in the music & wellness world through his years of service, creative rhythmic interaction, and creating the bridge between music and science. In this video, you may notice that the spirit of Bongo Barry lives on in both the music therapy field and drum circle facilitation.

Image courtesy of Lucas Lee.

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6 Studies that Show How Making Music Affects the Body

A couple of weeks ago, Matt Logan of the Music Therapy Source tweeted a completely “irreverent, hilarious, & surprisingly accurate” article entitled 7 Insane Ways Music Affects the Body (According to Science). While I’m constantly reading up and obsessing myself with research on music’s physiological effects, this article opened my eyes to a new perspective. Stepping away from my music therapist mindset, I can imagine how wild it must seem to find out that music can elicit the dramatic effects on the human body as the research has shown.

I can relate to that article. It is insane how music affects the body!

Here are some of my favorite articles on music-making and changes in the body. I found these articles through Google Scholar. We know that making music:

  1. Fortifies the immune system.
    Koyama M, Wachi M, Utsuyama M, Bittman B, Hirokawa K, Kitagawa M. (2009). Recreational music-making modulates immunological responses and mood states in older adults. Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, 56(2): 57-70.
  2. Enhances mood, increases cancer-killing white blood cell activity, and reduces stress.
    Wachi M, Koyama M, Utsuyama M, Bittman B, Kitagawa M, Hirokawa K. (2007). Recreational music-making modulates natural killer cell activity, cytokines, and mood states in corporate employees. Medical Science Monitor, 13(2), 57-70.
  3. Reduces stress.
    Bittman B, Berk L, Shannon M, Sharaf M, Westengard J, Guegler KJ, Ruff DW (2005). Recreational music-making modulates the human stress response. Medical Science Monitor.
  4. Reduces burnout, enhances mood, and is cost-effective.
    Bittman B, Snyder C, Bruhn KT, Liebfreid F, Stevens CK, Westengard J, Umbach PO (2004). Recreational music-making: An integrative group intervention for reducing burnout and improving mood states in first year associate degree nursing students: Insights and economic impact. International Journal of Nursing Education and Scholarship, 1(12).
  5. Decreases burnout and enhances mood.
    Bittman B, Bruhn K, Stevens C, Westengard J, Umbach P (2003). Recreational music-making: A cost-effective group interdisciplinary strategy for reducing burnout and improving mood states in long-term care workers. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine, 4-15.
  6. Reduces stress and enhances immune system.
    Bittman B, Berk L, Felten D, Westengard J, Simonton O, Pappas J, Ninehouser M (2001). Composite effects of group drumming music therapy on modulation of neuroendocrine-immune parameters in normal subjects. Journal of Alternative Therapy, 38-47.
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Personal experiment: Music, art, and dance all day

In the course of a regular work day, I often have thousands of ideas fly through my head faster than I can remember them. These thoughts are mixed with sporadic episodes of spontaneous music-making, singing, and dancing. Sometimes I like to just “be” and let my thoughts fly far, far away and disappear. When I am just “being,” I like to “be” myself to the core.

Inspired by my authentic movement therapist, Draza Jansky, I decided to dedicate Saturday to making music, painting, dancing, sleeping, and eating the entire day. No internet. Very little phone. I awoke with zero anxiety. Nothing to look back on, nothing to look forward to. I was simply present. When my thoughts wandered to yesterday, or I started to feel anxiety, or I craved the computer, I simply changed something in myself. I shifted from dancing to painting, from eating to playing the guitar, from gazing into the canyon to singing, or from dancing vigorously to swaying slowly. And it worked! Full day meditation. Full body freedom. Literally, I felt a tingle of freedom in my neck that I had never felt before. There were many more effects on my body, but I’ll keep my description short.

Now I’m integrating this new-found sense of freedom into my daily life. One of my teachers says that happiness and joy come first, then the drumming, dancing, and singing come. You drum because you are happy. You cannot pursue happiness through making music. In fact, my teacher says you cannot find happiness at all because happiness has always been here. It has always been now. If you try to go find happiness, you will fail. Happiness originates within us. I regularly experience the idea of here and now bliss in little spurts, so I thought I’d try a whole day.

Words don’t come close to conveying the bliss. And, I don’t remember everything about Saturday because keeping memories was not a priority. Here’s how my day generally went:

Early Morning: Wake up, drink tea, gaze into the canyon, eat cereal, listen to the rain
Late Morning: Paint, paint more, play my original songs on the guitar, paint, walk into the canyon
Early Afternoon: Eat sandwich, drink water, twirl around my house, play guitar and sing, paint
Mid Afternoon: Play piano, drink tea, climb up the walls upside down, smell flowers, paint, nap
Late Afternoon: Get a massage, drink water, eat another sandwich, play guitar, drum
Evening: Dance with my shadows, read a book, go to sleep

You may ask “Didn’t you get bored?” Not at all. I was so fascinated the entire day. I especially enjoy that the moments have come and gone. Next time I make the same music or look at the art that I created, it will be completely different than what was in the moment of creation.

Music & wellness tip today: Drum out of happiness. Do not try to find happiness in the drumming.

What’s it like to spontaneously create for you? What medium do you use (art, music, dance, more…)?

Photo courtesy of Max Vuong.

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La Costa Glen drums for Glenbrook

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I do not know of a holiday moment as special as seeing drummers from anindependent living retirement community perform for a skilled nursing group. This was all made possible thanks to the La Costa Glen drumming class! We had been looking for the perfect performance venue for a while, when finally, it dawned on us that performing at the sister skilled nursing community for the holidays would be right up our alley! Our program follows:

Introductions sequenced into the drum groove (My name is Bill, Let’s all play!)
Kum Ba Ya with Drum Call – ending with Shave and a Haircut
Little Drummer Boy
O Come All Ye Faithful
God Rest Ye Merry with Joan playing the tone chimes
Twelve Days of Christmas with drum rumbles
Merritt’s Drum Call ~ Joy to the World
Do You Hear What I hear ~ Tone chimes
White Christmas, Claude, soloist
Silver Bells
We Wish You a Merry Christmas

It was amazing and fantastic! I’ve drummed with these drummers for at least 3 years, and wow ~ We’ve all come a long way. It is an honor to witness our group growth and evolution within the class. After the performance, and after the overwhelming applause, we continued with a program that engaged both performers and audience members  in making music. We sang and played Christmas, Hanukkah, and winter songs. We shared our family traditions. Doris and John mentioned that their tradition has always been to hang ice skates on the wall as a decoration. We debated whether Santa Claus actually exists. It is a fact that most residents at La Costa Glen actually DO believe in Santa Claus. We laughed and shared more memories.

Afterwards, I spent an hour with the assisted living group drumming, bell-ringing, and celebrating the holidays. One of my most favorite moments in life is to see someone pick up a drum with tilted eyebrows and skeptical words. Then after playing for 5 minutes, the tilted eyebrows turn to raised eyebrows, and the skeptical words turn to laughter and relaxed social interaction. Comments included “You have uplifted us and gotten us ready for the holiday season!” “Who knew that drumming could make me feel so good?” “You bring us so much joy with your music and drumming!”

Needs: Mood enhancement
Interventions: Active music-making sculpted into familiar songs via bells, drums, reminiscence in the context of music
Outcomes: Positive social interaction aeb eye contact, laughter, smiles; enhanced mood

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